![]() Sometimes when a base word ends in f, change the f to v and add -es to make the word plural in words like wife → wives, loaf → loaves, and wolf → wolves When a base word ends in anything else, simply add -s to make the word plural in words like chair → chairs, book → books, change → changes, and place → places When a base word ends in -ch, -sh, -x, or -s, add -es to make the word plural in words like bench → benches, tax → taxes, splash → splashes, and guess → guesses When a base word ends in a consonant and a y, change the y to i before adding -ed in words like fry → fried, cry → cried, and spy → spied When a base word follows the CVCC or CVVC pattern, do nothing to the base words except add -ed in words like act → acted, seem → seemed, and shout → shouted When a base word follows the CVCe pattern, drop the final e before adding -ed in words like save → saved, score → scored, and live → lived When a base word follows the CVC pattern, double the final consonant before adding -ed in words like plan → planned, drop → dropped, and nod → nodded If a base word ends in a consonant and a y, nothing needs to be done before adding -ing in words like fry → frying, stay → staying, cry → crying, and play → playing If a base word ends in x, it is never doubled before adding -ing in words like box → boxing, mix → mixing, and fix → fixing When a base word follows the CVCC, CVVC, or CV pattern, do nothing to the base words except add -ing in words like pass → passing, dream → dreaming, and jump → jumping When a base word follows the CVCe pattern, drop the final e before adding -ing in words like trade → trading, skate → skating, and use → using When a base word follows the CVC pattern, double the final consonant before adding -ing in words like r un → running, shut → shutting, and skip → skipping ![]() ![]() What are the rules for inflected endings? Comparative inflected endings -er and -est are covered in the late stages of Syllables and Affixes. The inflected endings that are covered in the beginning stages of Syllables and Affixes stage are -ing, -ed, -s, -es. The nine types of inflectional endings include -ing, -ed, -s, -es, -’s, -s’, -est, -er, -en. Inflected endings can be added to nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to help indicate tense, number, show possession, or degrees of comparison. Inflected endings are suffixes that are added to the end of a root word, changing or clarifying its meaning.
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